北京成最激动人心城市 老外感觉“生活在新时代”
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?????? ??? ????? (?????? scientia ??? "????" ???) ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???[1] ??? ?????? ??? ?????-????? ??? ???? (????? ???? "????????" '?), ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??, ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????[2] ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? 17??? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? (??? ??? ???????? "?????? ??????" ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??) ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????[3] ??? ??, ?????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? "???? ????? ???? ???????? ???????" ????? ????? ??; ????? ?? ???-????? ???? ????? ?????? "????????? ??????" ??? "????? ??????" ???? ???
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[????]- ↑ "... modern science is a discovery as well as an invention. It was a discovery that nature generally acts regularly enough to be described by laws and even by mathematics; and required invention to devise the techniques, abstractions, apparatus, and organization for exhibiting the regularities and securing their law-like descriptions." —p.vii, J. L. Heilbron, (2003, editor-in-chief) The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science New York: Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-511229-6
- "science". Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Merriam-Webster, Inc. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
3 a: knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and tested through scientific method b: such knowledge or such a system of knowledge concerned with the physical world and its phenomena
- "science". Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Merriam-Webster, Inc. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ Aristotle, ca. 4th century BCE "Nicomachean Ethics Book VI, and Metaphysics (Aristotle)".
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: Text "Metaphysics Book I:" ignored (help) "In general the sign of knowledge or ignorance is the ability to teach, and for this reason we hold that art rather than experience is scientific knowledge (epistemē); for the artists can teach, but the others cannot." — Aristot. Met. 1.981b - ↑ Isaac Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687), for example, is translated "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy", and reflects the then-current use of the words "natural philosophy", akin to "systematic study of nature"
- ↑ Oxford English Dictionary
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